Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery

Cardiology is the branch of medicine that deals with disorders of the heart and blood vessels. Cardiologists diagnose and treat conditions such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and valvular heart diseases. They use various diagnostic tests such as electrocardiograms (ECGs), echocardiograms, stress tests, and cardiac catheterizations to evaluate heart function and determine the most appropriate treatment. Treatment options in cardiology include lifestyle modifications (such as diet and exercise), medications (such as blood thinners, beta-blockers, and statins), medical procedures (such as angioplasty and stenting), and surgical interventions (such as coronary artery bypass grafting or valve replacement surgery).